Jakarta, en.SERU.co.id – The tragic death of Lula Lahfah, who had a history of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), has reignited public discussion about this condition.
For years, GERD has often been dismissed as just ordinary stomach acid or mild indigestion, even though its symptoms can vary widely and closely mimic those of serious, life-threatening conditions.
Distinguishing GERD from Heart Attack
Cardiologist Dr. Vito Damay, SpJP(K) FIHA FICA, emphasized that chest pain from a heart attack does not always present as the classic crushing chest pain. In many cases, it can closely resemble GERD symptoms, leading to frequent misdiagnosis.
“Typical GERD complaints include a burning or searing sensation in the pit of the stomach that rises to the neck, a sour taste in the mouth, nausea, and sometimes sudden shortness of breath,” Dr. Vito explained on Sunday (25/1/2026).
In contrast, heart attack symptoms usually involve heavier pressure or discomfort in the chest, often radiating to the arms, neck, jaw, or back, and are frequently accompanied by cold sweat — a feature rarely seen in GERD.
Dr. Vito added an important note:
“Heart attacks in women, the elderly, and people with diabetes often present atypically. The symptoms can feel very similar to heartburn or GERD, which is why they are frequently overlooked.”
GERD Is Not Directly Fatal, But Can Become Dangerous
Gastroenterology expert Prof. Ari Fahrial Syam stressed that GERD itself does not cause sudden death.
However, when left uncontrolled, it can significantly worsen other serious medical conditions.
“Unmanaged GERD can aggravate complications or infections. In severe cases, it may contribute to sepsis (commonly known as blood poisoning),” Prof. Ari explained.
He further noted that GERD patients who develop infections or severe pain often require antibiotics and painkillers — medications that, unfortunately, can trigger GERD flare-ups, reduce appetite, and worsen overall health.
Prof. Ari recommends further medical evaluation for patients with persistent nausea and vomiting, even if they are already on treatment.
Recognizing GERD Symptoms
According to the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIH), common GERD symptoms include:
- Heartburn and burning sensation in the middle of the chest
- Pain behind the breastbone that rises to the throat
- Regurgitation (stomach contents flowing back into the throat)
- Nausea, chest pain, difficulty swallowing
- Chronic cough or hoarseness
Common Triggers and Risk Factors
Several factors can trigger or worsen GERD, including:
- Overweight or obesity
- Pregnancy
- Smoking and exposure to secondhand smoke
- Certain medications (NSAIDs, antidepressants, benzodiazepines, asthma drugs, and some blood pressure medications)
Important Reminder Ahead of Ramadan
As Ramadan approaches, people should be especially cautious.
According to Halodoc’s Chief Marketing Officer Fibriyani Elastria, complaints of acid reflux and GERD can increase by up to 21% during the first week of fasting.
“The peak of complaints consistently occurs around the third day of fasting over the past two years. The body needs time to adapt to changes in eating patterns and sleep schedule. Unstable stomach acid production can easily trigger discomfort, especially for those with a history of gastric issues,” she said (as reported by popmamacom).
How to Manage and Prevent GERD
Recommended steps for people with GERD include:
- Losing weight if overweight or obese
- Elevating the head of the bed during sleep
- Avoiding overeating and trigger foods
- Quitting smoking
- Maintaining a regular eating schedule and good sleep pattern
- Using antacids for mild symptoms (not recommended for long-term use without medical supervision)
In certain cases, doctors may recommend surgery such as fundoplication (to prevent acid reflux) or bariatric surgery for patients with obesity-related GERD.
“GERD must be managed consistently and properly controlled. Never underestimate it — when other illnesses occur, uncontrolled GERD can significantly worsen the overall condition,” Prof. Ari concluded. (aan/rhd)
